One of the most debated and controversial topics about Performance Measurement Systems (PMS) is the impact the PMS implementation and usage have upon the business performance, in terms of clear, tangible results. Martinez, Kennerley & Neely (2004, p. 1) stated that the little body of research on this topic, as reported mainly by consultancies and commercial research companies, has two limitations.
Gartner has released the 2011 Magic Quadrant for Corporate Performance Management (CPM), a concept defined by Gartner (2011) as „processes used to manage corporate performance (such as strategy formulation, budgeting and forecasting), the methodologies that support these processes (including the balanced scorecard or value-based management), and the metrics used to measure performance against strategic and operational performance goals”.
Times Higher Education has published the 2010-2011 World University Rankings, the list of the world’s top performing universities. At its seventh edition, the World University Rankings offers a broad perspective on the world’s leading academic institutions, comprising the top 200 universities list, as well as rankings by region and by subject.
Knowledge has an important impact on performance level in various ways and in different situations, such as changing and adapting organizational processes when requirements shift (Kogut & Zander, 1992; Nonaka &Takeuchi, 1995; Teece et al., 1997).