Hospital Management is an important part of healthcare administration, that represents the sum of all administration and management activities of hospitals, hospital networks or medical centers. As a discipline, it has developed empirically, due to hospitals being established as private charitable community resources, for religious missions, by physicians to have a place to practice, or as governmental driven entities. Hospitals have traditionally been operated and managed through a variety of means, each of them developing a different management philosophy and style.
Supply Chain Management (SCM) is the systemic, strategic coordination of the traditional business functions and the tactics across these business functions within a particular company and across businesses within the supply chain, for the purposes of improving the long-term performance of the individual companies and the supply chain as a whole (Mentzer et al, 2001).
As part of the promotion mix in marketing, advertising is one of the most dynamic and costly promotional activity. Although declined with about 2,6 % by comparison to the previous year, the U.S. advertising expenditure has still been above $ 130 billion dollars in 2008 (according to a The Nielsen Company report).
Improving logistics performance has become an important development policy objective in recent years because logistics have a major impact on economic activity.